Innovations and Challenges in Second/Foreign Language Testing and Assessment

Language testing and assessment are critical for measuring language proficiency and guiding instructional decisions.
Innovations include computer-adaptive testing, performance-based assessments, and AI-driven tools that provide personalized feedback.
Effective assessment practices require balancing reliability, validity, and fairness while addressing diverse learner needs.
Challenges include ensuring equitable access to testing technologies, maintaining test security, and providing adequate teacher training.
Future directions involve integrating technology to enhance assessment, developing more inclusive testing methods, and conducting research on the impact of new assessment tools on language learning.